Summary
The inexorable expansion of oil palm plantations has been a major driver of biodiversity loss in the tropics. This is particularly evident in
Malaysia and Indonesia, where the majority of the world's oil palm is cultivated. In Latin America oil palm acreage has also been steadily
increasing, especially in countries such as Colombia, the largest producer by far. However, information on the biological implications of rapid
land conversion to oil palm in the region remains scarce. Here, we review the state of knowledge about the impacts of oil palm on biodiversity
in Colombia. We also discuss the conservation strategies that have been implemented in the country, and propose research that we need to
develop best management practices. The vast majority of research has focused on biotechnology, soils, biological pest control, carbon stock
and reduction of greenhouse gases emission, but research on biodiversity is very scarce, or is not published yet. However, important
investment and research on this topic are being developed. The most threatened ecosystems are the savannas in the Orinoquia region, where
most of the expansion is predicted. The demands for green markets and certification are slowly encouraging oil palm corporations to mitigate
their 'biological footprint'. However, applied research on the possible impacts of oil palm on biodiversity are urgently needed to support
conservation efforts in the oil-palm-dominated landscapes of Colombia, along with commitments by the government and companies to adopt
the resulting recommendations.