Summary
The benefits of organic farming to biodiversity in agricultural landscapes continue to be hotly debated, emphasizing the importance of precisely quantifying the effect of organic vs. conventional farming. This study conducted an updated hierarchical meta-analysis of studies that compared biodiversity under organic and conventional farming methods, measured as species richness. It calculated effect sizes for 184 observations garnered from 94 studies, and for each study, obtained three standardized measures reflecting land-use intensity.