This study explores the effects of direct trading on socio-economic outcomes for Ecuadorian cocoa farmers supply high-value cocoa into export value chains.
Research detail
Improving smallholder livelihoods and ecosystems through direct trade relations: High‐quality cocoa producers in Ecuador
Empirical study
Journal article
Published June 2020 by Wiley Online .
Authored by Middendorp, R.S., Boever, O. , Rueda, X. and Lambin, E.F.
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